Pyelonephritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the kidney, particularly the renal pelvis and nephrons. It is classified as a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that typically starts in the lower urinary tract and ascends to the kidneys.
When bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract through the urethra, they can spread and colonize the bladder, ureters, and finally the kidneys. This infection can damage the renal cells and cause inflammation and swelling of the kidney tissue. If left untreated, pyelonephritis can lead to serious complications, including kidney damage or even kidney failure.
The common symptoms of pyelonephritis include pain and tenderness in the lower back or side, frequent urination, a persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, fever, and chills. In severe cases, symptoms may also include nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine.
Treatment for pyelonephritis often involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary, especially if the individual has other underlying health conditions or undergoes severe symptoms. Additionally, supportive measures such as adequate hydration and pain management may be recommended.
Prevention of pyelonephritis involves maintaining proper hygiene, ensuring regular urination, avoiding holding urine for prolonged periods, wiping from front to back after using the toilet, drinking plenty of fluids, urinating before and after sexual activity, and practicing safe and hygienic sexual activity.
