A stupa is a sacred structure or monument found in various Buddhist traditions. Derived from the Sanskrit word "thūpa," meaning "heap" or "mound," a stupa is typically a dome-like structure or mound, often constructed with stone, bricks, or other materials, and is regarded as a place of worship, pilgrimage, and meditation.
The stupa serves as a significant symbol in Buddhism, representing the enlightened mind of Buddha, the cycle of life, death, and rebirth (samsara), and the path towards enlightenment. It is believed that the presence of a stupa brings spiritual blessings, as it is considered a channel through which spiritual energy can flow.
Typically, stupas are composed of several parts or elements. The base or platform symbolizes the Earth, representing the solid foundation of Buddhist teachings. The dome on top represents the realm of enlightenment or Nirvana, while the spire or pinnacle symbolizes enlightenment itself. Additionally, stupas often contain relics, scriptures, or sacred objects related to the Buddha or other revered spiritual figures.
Stupas can vary in size and design, from simple and modest structures to intricate and grand edifices. They are often found in Buddhist monasteries, temples, pilgrimage sites, or as standalone monuments in various countries where Buddhism is practiced, such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Furthermore, the circumambulation or clockwise movement around stupas is a common practice among Buddhists, believed to accumulate merit and purify the mind. This ritual of walking in a meditative manner around the stupa is known as kora, parikrama, or pradakshina, depending on the Buddhist tradition.
