Acathisia is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by an intense feeling of restlessness, discomfort, and an inability to sit still or remain calm. It is often caused as a side effect of certain medications, particularly antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants, although it can also occur in relation to other types of medications.
The symptoms of acathisia may include an overwhelming sense of restlessness, a constant need to move or pace, difficulty staying still, irritability, anxiety, and a general sense of unease or discomfort. In some cases, individuals may experience an inner restlessness that is so severe it becomes distressing and intolerable.
Acathisia can be challenging to differentiate from other conditions, such as anxiety or agitation, but it is generally distinguished by its connection to medication use and its temporal relationship to starting or adjusting the dosage of specific drugs.
While the exact cause of acathisia is not fully understood, it is believed to arise from a disruption in the normal functioning of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine. This disruption can lead to involuntary muscle movements, restlessness, and an intense desire to alleviate the discomfort by constantly moving. If left untreated or unrecognized, acathisia can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and may even increase the risk of self-harm or suicide.
Treatment for acathisia typically involves a combination of interventions. Medications such as beta blockers or benzodiazepines may be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms, while reducing or adjusting the dosage of the medication causing the condition may be necessary. Psychotherapy and counseling may also be helpful in managing the emotional distress associated with acathisia.
