ACTIVATED FACTOR V Meaning and
Definition
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Activated Factor V, also known as Factor Va, refers to a protein involved in the blood clotting process, specifically in the formation of thrombin. It is an activated form of Factor V, a blood clotting factor synthesized in the liver and released into the bloodstream. Activation of Factor V occurs during the coagulation cascade, a series of enzymatic reactions that leads to the formation of a stable blood clot.
Factor V is activated by the enzyme Factor Xa, which cleaves a small portion of the Factor V molecule to activate its activity. Once activated, Factor Va acts as a critical cofactor in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. This activation step amplifies the production of thrombin and plays a crucial role in the blood clotting pathway.
The activated form of Factor V participates in the positive feedback loop of coagulation, as thrombin not only activates more Factor V to Factor Va but also converts fibrinogen into fibrin, leading to clot formation. Factor Va functions by interacting with other key factors, such as Factor Xa, calcium ions, and phospholipids, to assemble into a complex known as the prothrombinase complex on a phospholipid surface, accelerating the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
Abnormalities or mutations in Factor V can lead to a hypercoagulable state known as Factor V Leiden, which increases the risk of blood clot formation. Understanding the role and regulation of activated Factor V is essential in diagnosing and managing clotting disorders and in the development of anticoagulant therapies.
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