To be allergic to something means to have a hypersensitivity or increased sensitivity to a specific substance or allergen, which causes an abnormal reaction by the immune system. Allergies are a result of the body's immune system mistakenly identifying harmless substances as harmful invaders and mounting an immune response against them. When someone is allergic to a substance, exposure to even small amounts of that substance can trigger an allergic reaction.
Allergy symptoms can vary widely depending on the affected individual and the specific allergen involved. Common signs of an allergic reaction include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, hives, itching, swelling, gastrointestinal distress, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, and loss of consciousness.
Common allergens that people can be allergic to include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, certain foods (such as nuts, shellfish, or dairy), insect stings, medications, and various chemicals. Allergic reactions can occur immediately after exposure or can have a delayed onset, depending on the individual and the allergen.
It is important for individuals who are allergic to specific substances to avoid them or take appropriate precautions to minimize exposure, as repeated exposure can lead to more severe or long-lasting symptoms. Diagnosis of allergies typically involves a medical history review, allergy testing, and sometimes an elimination diet to identify the specific triggers.
