Calcium metabolism disorders refer to a group of medical conditions characterized by abnormal levels of calcium in the body due to disturbances in its absorption, regulation, or excretion. Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes, including bone formation, muscle function, and nerve transmission.
There are several types of calcium metabolism disorders, including hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Hypercalcemia refers to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, which can result from excessive intake of calcium supplements, overactive parathyroid glands, certain cancers, or kidney disorders. Symptoms of hypercalcemia may include frequent urination, excessive thirst, constipation, abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, fatigue, and kidney stones.
On the other hand, hypocalcemia refers to abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency, kidney diseases, hypoparathyroidism, or malabsorption disorders. Symptoms of hypocalcemia may include muscle spasms, numbness, tingling sensations in the hands and feet, seizures, memory problems, mood changes, and weakened bones.
The diagnosis of calcium metabolism disorders typically involves blood tests to measure calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels, as well as imaging studies to identify any underlying causes. Treatment options depend on the specific disorder but may include lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, medications, or surgical interventions to correct the underlying cause.
Overall, calcium metabolism disorders can significantly impact an individual's health and require appropriate diagnosis and management to restore calcium levels to within the normal range and minimize complications.
