Central venous catheterization is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a large vein in the body. The purpose of this procedure is to provide direct access to the central veins, usually the superior vena cava, which leads directly to the heart. Central venous catheterization is commonly performed to administer medications, fluids, or blood products intravenously, as well as to monitor central venous pressure and obtain blood samples for laboratory testing.
The procedure is typically carried out under sterile conditions, using imaging techniques such as ultrasound to guide the placement of the catheter. After cleaning and numbing the skin, a needle is inserted into the chosen vein, and a guidewire is then threaded through the needle into the vein. The catheter is then advanced over the guidewire until its tip reaches the desired location. Once in place, the guidewire is removed, and the catheter is secured to the skin with sutures or specialized dressings.
Central venous catheterization is commonly used in critically ill patients, those requiring long-term intravenous therapy, or individuals who have difficult peripheral venous access. While this procedure can be beneficial in providing essential venous access, it is not without risks. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, air embolism, pneumothorax, vessel perforation, and thrombosis. Therefore, close monitoring and appropriate care are crucial to minimize these risks and ensure patient safety.
