Crotalus horridus horridus, commonly known as the timber rattlesnake, is a venomous snake species found in North America. This subspecies is a member of the pit viper family, Crotalidae, and is known for its distinctive, rattling tail.
The timber rattlesnake is typically characterized by its large and robust build, growing up to 6 feet in length. It has a triangular-shaped head, heat-sensing pits on each side of its face, and vertically elliptical pupils. The body coloration varies, but it generally consists of dark brown or black scales adorned with alternating lighter crossbands. The end of the tail features a unique rattle, which is composed of loosely connected keratinous segments that produce a rattling sound when vibrated.
Crotalus horridus horridus inhabits a diverse range of habitats, including forests, rocky slopes, and swamplands, mainly within the eastern United States. It is a primarily terrestrial species that hunts and ambushes its prey, which primarily consists of small mammals such as mice and squirrels. Like other rattlesnakes, it utilizes venom to immobilize and kill its prey, and will strike when threatened or disturbed.
Due to habitat loss, illegal collection, and persecution by humans, the timber rattlesnake faces challenges to its survival. It is listed as a species of concern in various states, and efforts are in place to conserve its populations and their habitats. While the timber rattlesnake's venom can be dangerous, it plays an important role in maintaining balanced ecosystems by controlling rodent populations and serving as a prey species for larger predators.
