Equine Infectious Arteritis Virus (EIAV) is a contagious viral pathogen that primarily affects horses and other members of the equine family. It belongs to the Arteriviridae family of viruses and is classified under the order of Nidovirales.
EIAV is transmitted through direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, usually through respiratory secretions or semen. It causes a range of clinical manifestations, including fever, depression, loss of appetite, respiratory problems, and edema. Pregnant mares may experience abortion or give birth to weak foals. Additionally, the virus can cause vasculitis, affecting various organ systems such as lungs, kidneys, liver, and reproductive organs.
Diagnosis of EIAV infection is typically performed through laboratory techniques such as serological tests, including the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the immunoblot. These tests detect antibodies produced by the horse's immune system in response to the virus.
Prevention and control of EIAV involve strict quarantine procedures, regular testing, and vaccination. Vaccination can help reduce the likelihood of transmission and minimize the severity of clinical signs. However, it is important to note that vaccination does not provide complete protection, and infected animals may still shed the virus.
Equine Infectious Arteritis Virus poses a significant threat to the equine industry due to its ability to spread rapidly and cause substantial economic losses. Therefore, early detection, strict biosecurity measures, and cooperation between horse owners, veterinarians, and regulatory authorities play a crucial role in managing and preventing the spread of the virus.
