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1. Henry Martyn Robert (1837-1923) was an American military engineer and writer, best known for his significant contributions to parliamentary procedure. Born in South Carolina, Robert joined the US Army Corps of Engineers and played a crucial role in various engineering projects, including overseeing the construction of the fortifications at San Francisco Bay.

   However, Robert's lasting impact lies in his work on parliamentary procedure. Frustrated by the confusion and inefficiency he witnessed during a church meeting he attended, he embarked on creating a comprehensive guide of rules to facilitate orderly and fair decision-making in deliberative assemblies. The result was "Robert's Rules of Order," a book first published in 1876, which quickly gained widespread recognition and popularity among professional organizations, public bodies, and governmental entities. This guidebook outlines the principles and procedures by which meetings and assemblies should be conducted, ensuring that all participants have the opportunity to voice their opinions and that decisions are made in a transparent and democratic manner.

   Robert's Rules of Order has been continuously revised and remains a staple in the field of parliamentary procedure, widely used all over the world. It provides guidelines on various aspects of meetings, including the establishment of quorums, the order of business, the rights and responsibilities of different participants, and the process of voting and making decisions. Henry Martyn Robert's invaluable contribution to the governance of organizations and democratic processes has established him as a significant figure in the realm of parliamentary procedure.

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