Hypotonus is a medical term referring to a decreased or low muscle tone in an individual or a specific muscle group. Muscle tone refers to the natural tension in a muscle when it is in a relaxed state. It allows for proper movement and function by maintaining a balanced level of contraction and resistance.
Hypotonus may manifest as a lack of resistance or firmness in the muscles, resulting in them feeling floppy or loose. This condition can be a congenital or acquired disorder, commonly observed in infants, children, or individuals with certain neurological or muscular disorders.
In infants, hypotonus is commonly known as "floppy baby syndrome" and can be a result of conditions like cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or muscular dystrophy. It is characterized by decreased muscle strength and poor muscle coordination, leading to delays in reaching motor milestones, such as sitting, crawling, or walking.
Adults may also experience hypotonus due to a variety of causes, including nerve disorders, spinal cord injuries, or certain metabolic conditions. Symptoms can include muscle weakness, reduced reflexes, and difficulties with balance or coordination.
Treatment for hypotonus often focuses on managing underlying conditions and improving muscle strength and coordination through physical therapy, occupational therapy, or specific exercises. Additionally, assistive devices or orthotics may be recommended to aid in movement and provide support to weakened muscles.
