Pulmonary anthrax, also known as inhalational anthrax or woolsorter's disease, is a severe and potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. This type of anthrax infection occurs when an individual inhales the spores of the bacterium, predominantly found in the soil and in the wool, hair, or hides of animals infected with anthrax.
Upon inhalation, the spores are transported deep into the lungs where they germinate and cause infection. Pulmonary anthrax is characterized by the formation of a lung infection, typically resulting in severe respiratory symptoms. These symptoms may initially resemble a common cold or flu-like illness, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and muscle aches. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience more severe symptoms, including respiratory distress, difficulty breathing, and coughing up blood.
Without prompt medical intervention, pulmonary anthrax can be fatal. The infection can spread rapidly, leading to severe pneumonia, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment with antibiotics, such as penicillin or doxycycline, is crucial for improving survival chances.
Pulmonary anthrax can occur naturally in certain livestock animals, particularly in regions where anthrax is endemic. However, it can also be intentionally spread as a biological weapon, as the spores are highly durable and can be dispersed in the air. Due to its potential for mass casualties and its high fatality rate if untreated, pulmonary anthrax is considered a significant public health concern and a serious threat to bioterrorism.
