Shiga-like toxin I, also known as SLT-I, is a potent toxin produced by certain strains of bacteria belonging to the Shigella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) groups. It is classified as a member of the family of bacterial protein toxins called AB_5 toxins.
The term "Shiga-like" is derived from its structural and functional similarities to the Shiga toxin, which is produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae. Shiga-like toxins are commonly associated with gastrointestinal infections and can cause severe symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and in some cases, kidney damage.
Shiga-like toxin I is composed of multiple subunits, which include one enzymatically active A subunit and five B subunits. The B subunits are responsible for binding to specific glycolipid receptors found on the surface of human cells, allowing the toxin to enter and affect the cells. Once inside the cell, the A subunit exerts its toxic effects by inhibiting protein synthesis, leading to cell death and tissue damage.
Due to its strong cytotoxic abilities and potential implications in human health, particularly in cases of foodborne illnesses and diarrheal diseases, Shiga-like toxin I has been extensively studied. Researchers have aimed to better understand its mechanism of action, develop effective diagnostic methods for its detection, and explore potential therapeutic interventions to counteract its harmful effects.
In summary, Shiga-like toxin I is a potent toxin produced by certain bacteria, primarily associated with gastrointestinal infections. It consists of multiple subunits and has the ability to enter human cells, inhibit protein synthesis, and cause tissue damage.
