Sphene, also known as titanite, is a rare and valuable mineral that belongs to the sorosilicate group. Its name is derived from the Greek word "sphenos," meaning wedge, due to its characteristic wedge-shaped crystals. Sphene is typically found in metamorphic rocks, such as gneiss and schist, and occasionally in some igneous rocks.
Physically, sphene is known for its distinct and vibrant colors, ranging from yellow, green, brown, and even black. It possesses a high refractive index, making it one of the most fiery gemstones. Additionally, sphene exhibits high birefringence, meaning it can split light into two separate rays. As a result, sphene often displays a unique phenomena known as dispersion, where it disperses different colors when exposed to light.
The chemical composition of sphene consists mainly of calcium, titanium, and silicon, with traces of iron and aluminum. Its crystal structure is typically monoclinic, forming elongated prismatic crystals with wedge-shaped terminations. Sphene has a hardness ranging from 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones.
Due to its rarity and captivating appearance, sphene is highly sought after in the gemstone and jewelry industry. It is often used as a gemstone for rings, necklaces, and earrings. Sphene's unique play of colors and high brilliance make it a desirable choice for collectors and jewelry enthusiasts alike.
