WHEATSTONE BRIDGE Meaning and
Definition
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A Wheatstone Bridge is a type of electrical circuit that is used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing it against known resistances. Named after Sir Charles Wheatstone, who invented it in 1833, the Wheatstone Bridge consists of four resistive arms arranged in a diamond shape. It is commonly used for accurately determining the value of a resistor, as well as for measuring temperature, pressure, and strain.
The Wheatstone Bridge operates on the principle of null detection. A voltage source is connected across two opposite corners of the diamond structure, and a sensitive galvanometer is connected between the other two corners. The unknown resistor is placed in one of the arms, while the remaining three arms consist of known resistances. When the bridge is balanced, it means that the ratio of the two known resistances is equal to the ratio of the unknown resistance and the fourth resistance, ensuring that no current flows through the galvanometer.
By adjusting the known resistances and observing the null point (no current in the galvanometer), the value of the unknown resistance can be calculated using the bridge equation. This equation relates the resistance values and the voltage across the bridge. The design of the Wheatstone Bridge allows for high precision measurements of resistance, minimizing the effect of stray capacitance and inductance.
Overall, the Wheatstone Bridge is a fundamental tool in electrical engineering and scientific measurements, providing a reliable method for accurate resistance measurements and other applications requiring balanced comparisons of electrical values.
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Etymology of WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
The term "Wheatstone Bridge" is derived from the name of the British scientist Sir Charles Wheatstone, who invented and popularized the bridge circuit in the mid-19th century. Sir Charles Wheatstone was a prominent physicist, inventor, and electrical engineer known for his contributions to various fields, including telegraphy, acoustics, and measurement instruments. The bridge circuit he developed allowed for precise measurement of electrical resistance and became widely used in electrical and electronic circuits. As a result of his significant work, the bridge circuit was named after him and is still referred to as the "Wheatstone Bridge" to this day.
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