Substance K is a naturally occurring neuropeptide that belongs to the family of tachykinins, which are peptides involved in regulating various physiological processes in the body, particularly in neuronal signaling. It was first identified and isolated from the porcine intestine, and has since been found in other species including humans.
Substance K is predominantly found in the gastrointestinal tract and the peripheral nervous system. It acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, exerting its effects by binding to specific receptors known as neurokinin-1 receptors (NK-1 receptors). These receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, particularly in the central nervous system, where they play a crucial role in various physiological functions including pain perception, inflammation, and the regulation of mood and emotions.
In terms of its biological actions, Substance K has been shown to possess potent inflammatory properties. It promotes local vasodilation, which leads to increased blood flow, and enhances the permeability of blood vessels. It also affects the secretion of other chemicals involved in inflammation, such as histamine and prostaglandins.
Though Substance K is primarily associated with inflammatory responses, recent research has suggested its involvement in other processes as well, such as wound healing, gastrointestinal motility, and the regulation of the immune system.
Furthermore, Substance K has been implicated in certain pathological conditions, such as chronic pain syndromes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and psychiatric disorders. As a result, it has emerged as a potential target for therapeutic interventions, with studies exploring the development of drugs that target the Substance K signaling pathway.
